Amerika Nan'Enganda Ikumi Za Israeli Ezabuzire Omukuhanuura Kwa Baibuli

Baibuli eine entebereza yaayo ahari ny’entsya y’amahanga maingi.

Nobukirabe Kiri ngu okuhanuura kweingi omuri Baibuli niingashi okukira kimwe kyakabiri kyaakwo, nikugamba ahari Israeli nk’eihanga n’abantu baaryo.

Waba noy’enda kwetegyereza okuhanuura kurikukwaata ahari Israeli, noyetenga kubanza wamanya abantu ba Israeli n’ahibarikushangwa. Kandi eki abantu baingi tibarikukyetaho munoonga, nibekwatsa ngu kasiita hariho “akahanga kakye karikwetwa Israeli,” hoona tikwe kiri?

Abantu baingi baine enyikiriza ngu okuhanuura kw’omuri Baibuli nikukwaata ah’eihanga rya Israeli eriturikumanya. Kwonka okuhanuura oku tokabaasa kukushushanisa n’eihanga rya Israeli wakugyeragyeranisa n’ebyafaayo byaryo.

Amazima gari ngu abantu abarikutuura omw’eihanga rya Israeli n’ekicweka kyaayo. Abayudaaya baingi nibaruga omunganda ishatu za Israeli; Yuda, Benjamiini, na Leevi (1 Eby’omubusingye 11:12-14). Omubwaire bwakare hakaba hariho enganda Ikumi n’ibiri za Israeli. Ahabw’okwenda kubiikagye ebyafaayo, oruganda rumwe (“Yosefu”) nibakira kurabra nk’enganda ibiri (Efuraimu na Manaase), kiretera enganda za Israeli kuba ikumi n’ishatu. Kwonka nikiteberezebwa ku abayudaaya abiturikumanya obwaire obu, n’enganda ishatu zoonka.

Enganda Za Israeli Ezindi Ikumi Zikazankahi?

Baibuli eine ebyafaayo by’abantu ba Israeli abaakare. Okwetegyereza enganda ezi ahiziri obwaire obu, nitwetenga kugyendera ah’amazima agahandikire omuri Baibuli.

Omukitabo ky’okutandika, nitushangamu omugane gwa Abrahamu, Isaaka omutabani, na Yakobo mutabani wa Isaaka. Yakobo akaba aine abatabani Ikumi nababiri ababaire nibeetwa “abaana ba Israeli,” ahabwokuba Ruhanga akahiindura eizina rya Yakobo yamweeta “Israeli (Okutandika 32:28).” Abatabani kubatandikire kuzaara, amaka gaabo gaaba enganda ikumi n’ibiri za Israeli.

Omubitabo bya Baibuli ebyakare Israeli nikimanyitsa enganda ikumi n’ibiri. Kwonka ab’Israeli kubatandikire kutuura omuri Kanaani, batandika kwecwamu ebicweeka b’ibiri. Ab’oruganda rwa Yuda batuura omumashuuma ga Kanaani batandika kwehagura ahazindi ngaanda ez’omumatemba. Bumwe na bumwe, oruganda rwa Yuda rukaba rubarwa kuba rumwe na Israeli, Kandi obundi rubarwa nk’orwayehagwaire ahari Israeli.

Okimanye ku Daudi omugabe yabaire omugabe wa Yuda emyaaka mushanju nekicweeka atakabaire Mugabe wa Israeli yoona (2 samueli 5:5). Baibuli netugambira ku Selumaani mutabani wa Daudi y’abeire ari “omugabe wa Israeli na Yuda bakwataneise” (1 Abagabe 1:35). Okimanye Yuda ekaba ebarwa kuba eine entaniso ahari Israeli. Yuda na Israeli bakaba batuura bebaganisizemu, kwonka omubutegyeki bwa Daudi na Sulemaani, enganda ezi zikakwatanisa zakora eihanga rimwe.

Kwonka Sulemaani kuyafiire, enganda ikumi ez’omumatemba zatorana omugabe owaazo, zakora obugabe bwa Israeli. Oruganda rwa Yuda n’orwa Benyamiini hamwe na beingi omubaleevi, bakora obugabe bwa Yuda. Nobaasa kushoma ogu mugane gwoona hamwe n’okubyabeireho omuri 1 Abagabe 11 hamwe na 12. Abayudaaya (baingi abari omw’eihanga rya Israeli), nibakomoka ahabugabe bwa Yuda obwakare. Waba noreeba okuhanuura kw’omuri Baibuli okurikukwata ahari Yuda, nikuba nikugamba ah’abayudaaya.

Kwonka ebihanuuro byingi ebirikukwata ahari Israeli tibirikukwata ah’abayudaaya, noburyakuba Ihanga rya Israeli eriturikumanya. Ebihanuuro byingi ebirikukwata ahari Israeli, nibigamba ahanganda ikumi za Israeli ezayehagweire aha bayudaaya emyaaka 3000 enyima.

Enganda Ikumi Za Israeli Ezabuzire

Israeli na Yuda kubaraabe bayecwiremu ebicweeka b’ibiri, “Israeli” neeha? Kugarukamu ekibuuzo eki, noyetenga kushoma Baibuli.

Obugabe bwa Israeli kubwayehagwire ah’abayudaaya, omugabe wa Israeli yayerarikirira ngw’engada ikumi za Israeli, nizaija kukwatanisa n’abayudaaya zaaba zigyeire Yeruzalemu kujaguza ebiro bikuru ebi Ruhanga yabahaire kujaguza. Ahabwokwenda kubaganisa Israeli ah’abayudaaya, omugabe ogu Akombeka amaramizo agandi Kandi yataho n’ebiro ebindi by’okuramizaho (1abagabe 12:25-33).

Ruhanga akoherereza ab’Israeli abahanuuzi baingi, arikubagira ngu bamugarukire, bakuratire ebiragiro bye, n’ebiro by’okuramizaho ebiyabahaire. Kwonka ab’Israeli bakanga kugarukira Ruhanga. Baguma nibakoresa iziina rya Ruhanga kwonka barikukora ebyaabo. Ruhanga nikwo kubafubira akabahayo omubazigu baabo, bakatwarwa omubukwatwa.

Omuri 733 BC, ab’Asiria bakatandika kuhamba ab’Israeli, n’okubanaganaga omumatemba na burigwa izooba bw’obugabe bw’Asiria. Baibuli netugambira ku omubwaire bwa peeka omugabe w’Israel, Tigalasi Piirese omugabe w’Asiria akaija yatwaara Ijooni, Abeeli Betsi Maakaha, Yaanoa, Kadeeshi, Hazariya, Geleedi, na Galilaaya, nab’ekibanja Kya Nafutari; yabatwaara Asiria omubukwatwa (2 Abagabe 15:29).

Hatakahweireho kaire, ab’Asiria bakahamba Samariya ekibuga kikuru omuri Israel, batwaara ab’Israeli ababaire basigaire. Omumwaka gwa mw’enda gw’omugabe w’Asiria orikweetwa Hozeya, akakwaata Samariya yatwaara ab’Israeli omuri Asiria. Yabateeka omubyanga bya Halaaya, Haabo, ahamugyera gwa Gozaani, n’omundeembo z’Abamendezi. Tihariho omw’Israeli owatsigeireho, okweihaho “ab’oruganda rwa Yuda” (2Abagabe 17:6, 18).

N’ahabwekyo ab’Israeli bakaihwa omw’itaka ryaabo, hasigaramu Abayudaaya bonka. ab’Israeli kubaherize kutwaarwa, bashusha nk’abasangurwa omubyafaayo. Hati nibabarwa “nk’enganda ikumi ezabuzire.” Kwonka Israeli, terarigire mukuhanuura kw’omuri Baibuli. Kimwe kyakabiri n’okushobamu, ebihanuuro by’omuri Baibuli, nibigamba ahari Israeli, Kandi n’okusinga bigamba ahakiro “ky’emperu.”

Yetegyereze ekihanuuro ky’omuri Ezekiel 37: 15-28. Ekihanuuro eki nikitugambira, ngu Israeli na Yuda nibaija kukwatanitsibwa ahamperu, omugabe Daudi azookye, abategyekye. Kyebuzeho, Daudi takazookire kandi ekihanuuro eki tikikahikirizibwe. Israeli akyetanweire na Yuda, enganda ikumi zikyetambatambikire omumahanga.

Okuturikuronda Enganda Ikumi

N’obaasa ota okumanya ah’enganda ezi zagyeire? Enganda ezi kuziraabe zabuzire nituzironda tuta?

Nobanza oyetwaara oronda ahibahikyiire, ab’Asiria baheza kubatwaara omubukwaatwa bakabaiha omumyanya yaabo. N’emyanya mikye eiturikubaasa kubateberezamu kurigirira ahabyafaayo. Kwonka ebihandiiko by’ebyafaayo nibikye munonga, mbwenu nikibasa kukuretera okutebereza kandi ohendere n’ebigarikwamu bitahikire. Narishi, noreka Ruhanga akworeka henyine ahibari. Eki oine kukora, n’okuronda amahanga hamwe n’enganda z’abantu abarikweyongyera kuhikiriza ebihanuuro by’emperu ebirikukwata ahari Israeli.

Akashumurizo k’ebihanuuro ebirikukwata ahari Israeli na Yuda.

Omubaleevi 26, nitushangamu ekihanuuro ekirikukwata ahari ny’entsya y’enganda ikumi n’ibiri za Israeli. Omumushororongo ogu, Ruhanga nagamba ahamigisha eyabaire eri ey’okuhika ahab’Israeli baheza kumworobera, hamwe n’emikyeeno, eyabaire eri eyokubahikaho baheza kwanga kumworobera.

Emigisha myeingi erikugambawa Omubaleevi 26, ab’Israeli bakagitunga omubutware bwa Daudi omugabe n’omutabani Selumaani. Omubwaire obwo, Siria na Misiri bakaba bataine Mani maingi, kweingana amagana g’emyaaka. Israeli ekaba eihanga ry’obugaiga okukirayo kandi ry’obushoborozi bwaingi omunsi.

Kwonka kubwagyire kwenda ahamuheru gw’obugabe bwa Selumaani, akashisha ahari Ruhanga, yayombeka amaramizo ga bwa ruhanga obundi (1 Abagabe 11:4-10). Abantu bakakuratira eky’okureberaho kye, batandika kwehagura ahari Ruhanga. Nkoku Ruhanga yaraganiise Omubaleevi 26, akabafubira nabaaka emigisha eyiy’abaire abahaire. Ahamuheru gw’obutegyeki bwa Selumaani, Israeli ekatandika kugira abazigu. (1 Abagabe 11:14-25).

Selumaani akafa 931 BC. Kuhahweireho akanya kakye, Israeli na Yuda bayebaganisa baba amahanga abiri gatiine maani (1 Abagabe 12). Kuhahweireho emyaaka mikye, Abanyamisiri batahirira Yuda batwaara eby’obugaiga bwaabo (1 Abagabe 14: 25-26). Nkoku twaba twarebire, Abasiria bakandika kuhamba n’okutwaara ab’Israeli hahingweireho emyaaka 200, omuri 733 BC. Enganda ikumi tizikagarukaga kweiha obwo, hakatsigaraho Abayudaaya bonka.

Omumwaaka gwa 605 BC, Abababeluuni bakahamba Yeruzalemu batandika kutwaara Abayudaaya omuri Babeluuni. Bamwe omubayudaaya bakagaruka hahingweireho emyaaka 70, kwonka baingi tibaragarukire. Bamwe omuribo bakafurikira omuri Buraaya y’amatemba ahibasigaire okuhisya omumyaaka eyamagana 20.

Omuri 1916, embera y’Abayudaaya ekatandika kuhinduka, ensi kuyabaire eri rwagati y’orutaro r’ensi yoona rw’okubanza, Bungyereza na Furansa bakakora endagaano erikweetwa Sayikeesi-pikkoti. Endagaano egi ekaba neshoboorora okubarabaganisemu Miidiro Isiiti baheza kusingura obutegyeki bwa Ottomani. Omuri egi ndagaano, bakyebera kandi baikirizana ku omwanya gwa Pelesitiini nigwo guraabe obuteraniro bw’amahanga. Reero omukwezi kwa mukaga 1916, Abangyereza bahwera Abaharabu omukurwanisa abategyeki ba Ottomani.

Omukwezi kw’ikumi nakumwe 1917, Bungyereza ekashohoza ekihandiko ekirikweetwa Balifoora, barikurangirira obuhagizi bwabo ahari “Abayudaaya ababaire nibarwanirira obutuuze bwabo omw’eihanga ryaabo” omuri Pelesitiini. Kubaherize kubarwanirira batahirira Pelesitiini bahamba Yeruzalemu. Eki kikaretera okubaho kw’eihanga ririkwetwa Israeli omuri 1948. Kuruga obwaire obwo, Abayudaaya baingi bakagaruka owaabo Israeli.

Israeli Yagarukire?

Abantu baingi abarikushoma okuhanuura kw’omuri Baibuli, baine enyikiriza ngu okwemeka kw’eihanga rya Israeli nokugaruka kwa bamwe ah’Abayudaaya bakuriga omubuzaahe, kikahikiriza okuhanuura kw’omuri Baibuli kw’ebiro by’emperu. Kwonka ebihanuuro ebi nibikwata ahari Yuda na Israeli Kandi tibikahikizibwe. Ahamperu y’emyaaka egi, Yuda na Israeli nibaija kwerundaana hamwe, bakore eihanga rimwe, “Daudi omagabe abategyeke.”

Kweihaho, okugaruka kw’Abayudaaya omuri Pelesitiini n’okwemeka kw’eihanga rya Israeli, kukahikiriza okuhanuura kw’Omubaleevi 26. Omubaleevi 26, Ruhanga akagira enganda za Israeli ikumi n’ibiri ati; kumurayange kunkuratira mwanyehaguraho, nimweija kuhikwaho akabi, endwara n’okuhangurwa omurutaro (Abaleevi 26: 16-17). Tikukoma aho kureka n’ebindi bifubiro nibikwaija kubahikaho, ebyarugiremu okutwarwa b’akaihwa omw’eitaka ryabo (Abaleevi 26: 32-39).

Ruhanga akagamba obwaire bw’ekifubiro kyaabo kirahweyo omumuringo gw’okuhunda nagira ati; kumurayange kumpurikiza, mukanga kugyendera ahabiragiro byanye, ninyija kubafubira “emirundi mushanju” ahabw’ebibi byanyu (Abaleevi 26: 27-28).

Ruhanga akagira ngu naija kufubira ab’Israeli kumara “emirundi mushanju.” Omukyegyeso ky’okubanza, okeega ku “emirundi mushanju” kirikumanyisa obwaire burikwaingana ebiro 2520 neingashi emyaaka 2520. Ekyo kukiraabe kitakushorekyerwa kurungi, shoma oyetegyereze, kandi ogyeragyeranise Okushuuruurirwa 11: 2-3 (amezi 42 n’ebiro 1260) hamwe n’okushuuruurirwa 12: 14 (emirundi 31/2) n’okushuuruurirwa 13:5 (amezi 42). Waheza oshome Okubara 14: 34 na Ezekieli 4: 6, bwoona ebirikwereka ku ekiro kimwe Omukuhanuura kwa Baibuli nikimanyitsa omwaaka gumwe.

Abaleevi 26 nitushangamu ku Ruhanga yaraganeise kufubira Abayudaaya n’ezindi ngaanda ikumi mpaka “emirundi mushanju” ehingweireho. Eki nikimanyitsa ku ekifubiro kyaabo, ky’abaire kiri eky’okumara emyaaka 2520.

Okimanye Abayudaaya kubatandikire kwaihwa omw’itaka ryaabo omumwaaka gwa 605 BC. Wagaita emyaaka 2520 ahari 605 BC, nohikira kimwe ahari 1916 AD. Omwaaka gwenyine ogu Abayudaaya batandikyeireho kugaruka omw’eihanga ryaabo. Ekihanuuro ky’emyaaka mushanju kikahikirizibwa omubweire buhikire. Eki nikimwe ahabuhame ku okuhanuura kw’omuri Baibuli kuri okw’amazima.

Enganda Ikumi Za Israeli Zirinkahi Obwaire Obu?

Hati oine akashumurizo akarakuhwere omu kuronda enganda Ikumi za Israeli ahiziri obweire obu. Eky’orikwetenga kukora, n’okubara obwaire obu ekifubiro Kya Israeli kyahwereireho reero okaronda ebyafaayo by’amahanga agatandikire kutunguuka obwaire obwo.

Enyimaho oreebire ekifubiro Kya Israeli kukyatandikire obu Ruhanga yatwaara emigisha ya Israeli, “obu Selumaani y’abaire akuzire” (1 Abagabe 11:4). Selumaani akafa omumwaaka gwa 931 BC. Nikirebeka Selumaani kuyateisize ahamuheru akahandika ekitabo ky’Omuburizi. N’ahabwekyo okutebereza kuhikire nikugira ngu ekifubiro Kya Israeli kikatandika emyaaka etaano enyima Selumaani atakafiire, omumwaaka gwa 936BC. (Omukitabo ky’Okushuuruurirwa, nitushangamu ekihanuuro ekikuhamya ebiro ebi). Wagaita emyaaka 2520 ahari 936 BC notunga 1585 AD.

Haine ekyabaireho omumwaaka gwa 1585? Ego buzima. Omuri 1580, omugabe was Supeyini orikweetwa philipo 2, akaba anywanaise obugabe bwa Supeyini na Potugo ahansi y’obutegyeki bwe. Obutegyeki obu bukakururuka kwetorora ensi yoona. Philipo 2 ogu akaba naruga omuka y’amaani erikweetwa Hapazabanga, eyabaire etegyekire amahanga maingi kwetorora Buraaya. Kikarebeka kugira ngu eka ya Hapazabanga egi ekaba erikwenda kwetorora Buraaya.

Omuri 1585, omugabe philipo 2 akatandika kuronda obushagiki kwebembera Budachi ngu ahangutsye obutegyeki bwe kwetorora Furansa na Bungyereza. Kwonka pulani ye ekagwa obutaka omumwaaka gwa 1585, obwo nibwo okuhanguha kw’obutegyeki bwa Hapazabanga kwatandika kukyendezibwa omuri Buraaya n’okwetorora ensi.

Ahamuheru gwa 1584, Philipo 2 akagiraho enkwatanisa n’Abakaturiki omuri Furansa. Enkwatanisa egyi, ekaba erimu akashonshorekye k’okugira ngu Obukaturiki bube nibwo bwaaba enyikiriza yonka omuri Furansa. Bumwe nabumwe kikaba kiri eky’okuremesa Henry Navarre Omukurisitaayo kuba omagabe wa Furansa. Abangyereza kubakihuriire, batiina ngu harimu orukwe ry’okubainga Obukurisitaayo omuri Buraaya.

Reero omukwezi kwa munaana 1585, Philipo 2 akatwaara Antwerp yagyaaka abahekyera ba’Abakurisitaayo omuri Budachi. Kwonka obusinguzi bwe bukaretera Supeyini okugaruka enyima. Kuhahwaireho ebiro bikye Supeyini etwaire Antwerp, Abakurisitaayo omuri Bungyereza bakora endagaano kuhwera abahekyera b’Abadachi. Orutaro rwatandikaho ahagati ya Bungyereza na Supeyini.

Antwerp kuyagwaire, Abadachi bayekunganya barahuka kutunguka baba nibo basingayo okugira eby’obuguzi bwaingi omunsi yoona. Orukwe rwa Philipo 2 rw’okutabangura obutegyeki bwa Furansa rukarema. Henry Navarre akaba omutegyeki wa Furansa kandi yashagika enyikiriza y’Abakurisitaayo ku egyenda omumaisho, kandi yeikirizana na Bungyereza na b’Abadachi kurwanisa Supeyini. Eki nikyo kyayihire Supeyini ahakuba eihanga ry’amaani omunsi.

Orutaro rwa Supeyini omuri Bungyereza rukarema omuri 1588, Abangyereza bakaihaho ekitekateko Kya Supeyini ky’okuhamba Bungyereza bakagyitegyekyesa Abakurisito. Kuruga 1585, Bungyereza ekatandika kukora n’amaani kandi Yakuza obutegyeki bwayo. Ekigombe ky’ebyempeiha omuri Bungyereza kyakura kusinga na Furansa, reero Amerika yatunguuka kuruga ahabutegyeki bwa Bungyereza yaaba ey’amaani omunsi yoona.

Oine kukimanya ku omwaaka gwa 1585, nibwe empindaguturana y’omubutegyeki yatandika kwetorora ensi yoona. Amahanga maingi omu matemba ga burengyerwa izooba bwa Buraaya gaagira omugisha. Omuri obwo bwaire, Denimaka na Noliwe gakaba ag’amaani. Obutegyeki bwa Swedeni bwaaba obw’omutaano omuri Buraaya. Omumyaaka 400 eyakurasireho, amahanga g’omumatemba ga burengyerwa izooba bwa Buraaya gaaba ag’amaani omuby’obugaiga bw’ensi yoona.

Ebyabaireho omuri 1585, bikaba entandikiro y’okuhendera ekicweka ky’okubanza ky’omukyeeno gw’emirundi mushanju gwa Israeli. Kyakushemeza? Ngaha kitakushemeza. Ruhanga akagira Abraham ati:

”> Noija kuba ishe w’amahanga maingi, kandi ninyija kwombeka amahanga maingi kuriga omur’iwe, n’abagabe barugye omur’iwe” (Okutandika 17: 4, 6). Ruhanga yagaruka yagira ngu naija kweimutsya enganda Ikumi n’ibiri za Israeli “ahaiguru y’amahanga goona” (Ebiragiro 28: 1). Egi endagaano ekahikirira.

Yeebuuze ahari eki. Hariho eihanga omubyafaayo eriratungire eby’obugaiga kusinga amahanga g’omumatemba ga burengyerwa izooba bwa Buraaya hamwe n’obutegyeki bugaayombekire omuri Amerika, Kanada Australia na south Africa? Hariho erindi eihanga eriragyiire ahabukama omubwaire buhikire obu Ruhanga yaagambireho omuri Baibuli?

Enkurakurana y’amahanga g’omumatemba ga burengyerwa izooba bwa Buraaya omuby’obutegyeki, oby’obugaiga omumyaaka 400, nibigyendera omukuhikiriza ebyafaayo by’omuri Baibuli.

Enganda Ikumi za Israeli ezabuzire zirinkahi? Nimahangaki agarikwaija kuhikiriza okuhanuura kw’eby’emperu omuri Baibuli? Yebuuze ah’amazima aga oyeshariremu.

Hariho Nobuhame Obundi

Ijuka ekifubiro kyakabiri Kya Israeli kikatandika obu Abasiria batandika kutwaara ab’Israeli omumwaaka gwa 733 BC. Eki kifubiro nakyo kikahezayo emyaaka 2520 omumwaaka gwa 1788. Mbwenushi hakabahoki omuri 1788? Omwaaka ogu, nibwe amahanga maingi gatandika kukoresa orujungu.

Yebuuze ah’amazima aga. Australia ekeemekwa ryari? 26 Okw’obubanza 1788, Kanada ekabaho kuriga ryari? Ekabaho 1791 hahweireho emyaaka eshatu barikugyendera ahabiragiro n’obutegyeki bwa Bungyereza, Bungyereza ekabaho ryari ey’amaani omunsi yoona? Omuri 1788 Furansa yaheza kutandika kugaruka enyima omuby’obutegyeki, Amerika ekazaarwa ryari? Ebiragiro bya Amerika bikeemekwa 21/06/1788.

Eki nikyo kyafaayo ky’ebihanuuro ebyahikirizibwe omubwaire oburibwe.

Omukyegyeso ekirikukurataho, noija kweega byeingi ebirikukwata ahabinuuro na ny’entsya y’abantu ba Israeli.

Ekyegyeso ekirikukurataho: Ny’entsya Ya Amerika Na Burengyerwa Izooba